Abstract The aim of the present transversal study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical salivary parameters of children with and without erosive tooth wear (ETW). The study population was children aged 4 to 9 years. A trained and calibrated examiner (kappa value for intraexaminer reliability = 0.89) classified the children into ETW (n = 24) and control groups (n = 24), and applied the O’Brien index. The salivary flow rate was initially evaluated by stimulated sialometry (paraffin chewing). Afterwards, the collected saliva was submitted to biochemical analyses of pH, uric acid, total buffering capacity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, reduced glutathione, calcium, and phosphorus. Among the ETW children, 20 (83%) had dental lesions restricted to enamel, and 4 (17%) presented lesions affecting both enamel and dentin. A statistically significant difference between the groups was obtained only for the pH values (t-test; p = 0.004), with averages of 7.31 and 7.56 for the control and the ETW groups, respectively. Considering the parameters evaluated in general, it is suggested that the salivary profile of children with ETW does not differ considerably from that of children without ETW. However, the pH mean value seems to be slightly higher in ETW children, but is still within the normal physiological range.

Resumo Quatro sistemas de umidificação do ar foram examinados e seus desempenhos comparados sob condições de seca do centro-oeste brasileiro. Esses sistemas são umidificador elétrico, bacia com água, toalha úmida e um sistema artesanal feito com telhas cerâmicas especialmente para este trabalho. A avaliação foi realizada entre julho e outubro de 2017, em Cuiabá, Brasil. As medidas da umidade relativa foram feitas em dois ambientes semelhantes, um com e outro sem sistema de umidificação. O umidificador elétrico proporcionou umidificação contínua e prolongada, mantendo essa condição até o final dos períodos de medições, mas destacam-se os altos tempos de resposta para umidificar um espaço, de até 292 min, e umidade relativa alcançada, de 85%, após tempos de operação mais longos. O sistema da bacia com água resultou numa umidificação de aproximadamente 59% da alcançada pelo umidificador elétrico, enquanto a toalha úmida, apesar do menor tempo de resposta em umidificar o ambiente, de até 18 min, não manteve a umidade de referência até o final dos períodos de medições, sob condição de 43% de umidade relativa, em média. O sistema artesanal proporcionou uma umidificação de cerca de 92% da umidade fornecida pelo umidificador elétrico, o que demonstra o potencial benefício do sistema em umidificar ambientes fechados.

Abstract This study examined four air humidification systems and compared their performances under drought conditions in the Brazilian Midwest. Those systems were the electric humidifier, basin with water, wet towel, and an artisanal system made for this study using clay roof tiles. The evaluation was conducted between July and October 2017 in Cuiabá, Brazil. The measurements of the relative humidity were taken in two similar bedrooms, one without a humidifier and another one with an air humidification system. The electric air humidifier provided a continuous and prolonged humidification, maintaining this condition until the end of the measurement period in all situations, but the study highlights the high response time to humidify a space, up to 292 min, and the high relative humidity, around 85%, provided by the humidifier after longer running times. The basin with water system resulted in a humidification of about 59% of the moisture provided by the electric humidifier, while the wet towel, despite producing the best response time in humidifying an environment - up to 18 min, did not maintain the reference humidity until the end of the measurement period under ambient conditions of 43% relative humidity. The artisanal system presented a humidification of about 92% of the moisture provided by the electric humidifier, which demonstrates the potential of the system to increase humidity indoors.

Abstract Aim: Reactive oxygen species and high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines are related to diseases that are often triggered during the aging process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity physical exercise, twice a week, on oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers. Methods: Participants were older women aged 60-70 years, engaged in a moderate-intensity exercise program carried out in 60 minutes sessions, twice a week, for 24 weeks. Exercise sessions consisted of step, resistance and stretch exercises. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), serum iron and cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and IL-1ra were determined using specific kits. Physical fitness was assessed using tests provided by AAPHERD. A paired t test was performed. Results: Moderate-intensity exercise program provided a reduction in lipid peroxidation (27%) and in the serum release of prooxidant iron ions (40%). Cytokine levels were reduced by 37% for IL-6, 16% for IL-1β and 32% for IL-1ra. Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (13%), muscular endurance (11%) and flexibility (12%) were also observed. Conclusion: Diminished redox state and inflammation were obtained using a twice-weekly exercise program. These results have important implications for older adults who are unable or unwilling to attend exercise programs more than twice a week. Moreover, these results could re-establish the minimum exercise activity necessary for obtaining health benefits in the elderly population.

O artigo trata de um estudo desenvolvido no Parque Mãe Bonifácia, grande área verde na região central de Cuiabá, MT, entre novembro de 2007 e outubro de 2008, com o objetivo de avaliar a influência das diferentes intervenções urbanísticas sobre o ambiente térmico do lugar e os possíveis impactos destas nos níveis de estresse térmico a que estão submetidos os organismos dos usuários do espaço. A investigação dos diferentes microclimas foi realizada mediante medições fixas, na praça principal do Parque, e móveis, ao longo das trilhas. A aplicação da metodologia permitiu registrar atenuações da temperatura do ar de até 3,0 °C nas trilhas mais estreitas, onde foi preservada a vegetação do lugar, enquanto outros espaços construídos no interior do Parque apresentaram elevações máximas de até 3,2 °C, revelando a necessidade de precauções especiais para a prática de atividades físicas, especialmente na estação seca. Esses resultados sugerem que existe uma relação direta entre os padrões de ocupação do solo, topografia e características da vegetação de cada microespaço e o ambiente térmico do lugar, e que as intervenções do projeto, em alguns de seus espaços, não foram compatíveis com os rigores climáticos da região, acentuando as sensações de desconforto térmico.

This article refers to a study conducted on Mãe Bonifácia Park, a large green area of the central region of Cuiabá, MT, between November 2007 and October 2008, aiming to evaluate the influence of the urban architecture interventions on the thermal environment of the place, and to examine possible impacts of these on the heat stress level that are exposed the users organisms. Different kinds of microclimates were observed by steady measurement, placed in the main square of the Park, and by mobile measurement, along trails. The application of the methodology indicated that there were attenuations in the air temperature up to 3.0 °C in the narrower trails, where the native vegetation was preserved. However, in the park built spaces a maximum elevation up to 3.2 °C was observed, indication the need for special care on the practice of physical activities, especially in the dry season. These results suggest that there is a direct relationship between the soil occupation standard, topography, and vegetation characteristics in each micro-space, on the thermal environment of the place. It was also possible to conclude that interventions defined by the design were not adequate for the severe climate of the region, increasing the perception of thermal discomfort.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a temperatura-base inferior (Tb) a partir da unidade fototérmica (UF) para o cultivo experimental de manga Alfa sob condições de cerrado. Foram utilizados dados diários da temperatura do ar disponibilizados pela Estação Agrometeorológica Padre Ricardo Remetter, localizada em Santo Antônio do Leverger-MT (15,8° S e 56,1° W, 140 m), e avaliação sensorial do estádio de maturação dos frutos de manga. A Tb foi determinada pelo método da menor variabilidade das unidades fototérmicas (UF) acumuladas do período da floração à colheita dos frutos, variabilidade avaliada pelo coeficiente de variação (cv) simulado para diferentes valores da Tb. De julho a novembro de 2007, em três plantas de um pomar demonstrativo irrigado, foram identificados 82 frutos para o acompanhamento do crescimento e maturação. Entre esses frutos, em meados de dezembro de 2007, foi possível identificar 13 frutos que atingiram a maturidade fisiológica, após um período médio de observação de 112 dias. Para exigência fototérmica de 1.878.166,1 UF, encontrou-se Tb de 10 °C, valor consistente com os apresentados na literatura para a cultivar de manga, o que comprova a eficiência do método que combina a ação da temperatura e do fotoperíodo sobre a maturação dos frutos e que confere um caráter mais racional que o método tradicional da soma térmica.

In this study was to determine the lower base temperature (Tb) for Alfa mango fruit, using the photothermal units (PTU) method in cerrado conditions. The meteorological data for the study were acquired from "Padre Ricardo Remetter" meteorological station located at Santo Antonio do Leverger, MT, Brazil (15,8° S and 56,1° W, 140 m), and the fruit data was acquired by sensorial evaluation of mango fruit maturation state. The Tb was determined by less variability of the coefficient of variation (cv) method applied to the PTU sum, from flowering to harvest, simulated for different values of Tb. In the period from July to November of 2007, in tree plants from of an irrigated experimental field, were marked 82 fruits in which we observed the growing and maturation. From the marked fruits were identified 13 fruits that were at harvest point, in December of 2007, after an average observation period of 112 days. For a photothermal requirement of 1878166,13 PTU was observed Tb for the fruits of 10 °C, this value is consistent with those reported in the literature, which proves the efficiency of the method that combines the action of temperature and daylength on fruit maturity and providing a more rational method than the traditional heat units method.